Selected School-wide Positive Behavior Support Research & Related Literature
(For more research, please see www.pbis.org)
August, 2007

• Chapman, D. & Hofweber, C. (2000). Effective behavior support in British Columbia. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2(4), 235-237.

  Colvin, G., & Fernandez, E. (2000). Sustaining effective behavior support systems in an elementary school. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2, 251-253.

  Crone, D.A., & Horner, R.H. (2003). Building positive behavior support systems in schools: Functional behavioral assessment. New York: Guilford.

  Crone, D.A., Horner, R. H., & Hawken, L.S. (2004). Responding to problem behavior in schools: The behavior education program. New York: Guilford Press.

  Freeman, R., Eber, L., Anderson, C., Irvin, L., Bounds, M., Dunlap, G., & Horner, R. H. (2006). Building inclusive school cultures using school-wide PBS: Designing effective individual support systems for students with significant disabilities. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 4-17.

  Freeman, R. L., Smith, C., & Tieghi-Benet, M. (2003). Promoting implementation success through the use of continuous systems-level assessment strategies. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 5(2), 66-70.

  Freeman, R., Smith, C., Zarcone, J., Kimbrough, P., Tieghi-Benet, M., & Wickham, D. (2005). Building a state-wide plan for embedding positive behavior support in human service organizations. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 7(2), 109-119.

  Kimbrough Kidwell, P., Freeman, R., Smith, C., & Zarcone, J. (2004). Integrating online instruction with active mentoring to support professionals in applied settings. The Internet and Higher Education, 7(2), 141-150.

  Sailor, W., Scott, T. M., Nelson, C. M., Freeman, R., Smith, C., Britten, J., & McCart, A. (1999-2000). Using information technology to prepare personnel to implement functional behavioral assessment and positive behavioral support. Exceptionalities, 8(3), 217-230.

  Smith, C., & Freeman, R. L. (2002). Using continuous system level assessment to build school capacity. American Journal of Evaluation, 23(3), 307-319.

  Horner, R.H., & Sugai, G., (in press). School-wide positive behavior support: An alternative approach to discipline in schools. In L. Bambara & L. Kern (Eds.) Positive Behavior Support. New York: Guilford Press.

  Horner, R. H., & Sugai, G. (2000). School-wide behavior support: An emerging initiative (special issue). Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions, 2, 231-233.

  Horner, R. H., & Sugai, G. (2001). "Data" need not be a four-letter word: Using data to improve schoolwide discipline. Beyond Behavior, 11(1), 20-22.

  Horner, R. H., Sugai, G., & Horner, H. F. (2000). A school-wide approach to student discipline. The School Administrator, 2(57), 20-23.

  Horner, R. H., Sugai, G., Lewis-Palmer, T., & Todd, A. W. (2001). Teaching school-wide behavioral expectations. Report on Emotional & Behavioral Disorders in Youth, 1(4), 77-79.

  Horner, R. H., Sugai, G., Todd, A. W., & Lewis-Palmer, T. (1999-2000). Elements of behavior support plans: A technical brief. Exceptionality, 8(3), 205-215.

  Horner, R. H., Sugai, G., Todd, A. W., Lewis-Palmer, T. (in press). School-wide positive behavior support: An alternative approach to discipline in schools. In L. Bambara & L. Kern (Eds.) Positive Behavior Support. New York: Guilford Press.

  Horner, R. H., Todd, A. W., Lewis-Palmer, T., Irvin, L. K., Sugai, G., & Boland, J.B. (2004). The school-wide evaluation tool (SET): A research instrument for assessing school-wide positive behavior support. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 6, 3-12.

  Lewis, T. J. (2001). Building infrastructure to enhance schoolwide systems of positive behavioral support: Essential features of technical assistance. Beyond Behavior, 11(1), 10-12.

  Lewis, T. J., & Daniels, C. (2000). Rethinking school discipline through effective behavioral support. Reaching Today's Youth, 5, 43-47.

  Lewis, T. J. Garrison-Harrell, L. (1999). Effective behavior support: Designing setting specific interventions. Effective School Practices, 17, 38-46.

  Lewis, T. J., & Newcomer, L. L. (2002). Examining the efficacy of school-based consultation: Recommendations for improving outcomes. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 24, 165-181.

  Lewis, T. J., & Newcomer, L., Kelk, M., & Powers, L. (2000). Preventing and addressing aggressive and violent behavior through individual systems of positive behavioral support. Reaching Today's Youth, 5, 37-41.

  Lewis, T. J., & Sugai, G. (1999). Effective behavior support: A systems approach to proactive school-wide management. Focus on Exceptional Children, 31(6), 1-24.

  Lewis, T. J., Sugai, G., & Colvin, G. (1998). Reducing problem behavior through a school-wide system of effective behavioral support: Investigation of a school-wide social skills training program and contextual interventions. School Psychology Review, 27, 446-459.

  Lewis-Palmer, T., Sugai, G., & Larson, S. (1999). Using data to guide decisions about program implementation and effectiveness. Effective School Practices, 17(4), 47-53.

  Lohrman-O'Rourke, S., Knoster, T., Sabatine, K., Smith, D., Horvath, B., & Llewellyn, G. (2000). School-wide application of PBS in the Bangor Area School District. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2(4), 238-240.

  Luiselli, J. K., Putnam, R. F., & Handler, M. W. (2001). Improving discipline practices in public schools: Description of a whole-school and district-wide model of behavior analysis consultation. The Behavior Analyst Today, 2(1), 18-26.

  Luiselli, J. K., Putnam, R. F., & Sunderland, M. (2002). Longitudinal evaluation of behavior support intervention in a public middle school. Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions, 4(3), 182-188.

  Mayer, R. G. (2002). Behavioral strategies to reduce school violence. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 24, 83-100.

  Mayer, R. G. (1998). Constructive discipline for school personnel. Education and Treatment of Children, 22, 36-54.

  Mayer, G. (1995). Preventing antisocial behavior in the schools. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 467-478.

  Mayer, G. R., & Butterworth, T. (1979). A preventive approach to school violence and vandalism: An experimental study. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 57, 436-441.

  Mayer, G. R., Butterworth, T., Komoto, T., & Benoit, R. (1983). The influence of the school principal on the consultant's effectiveness. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 17, 274-279.

  Mayer, G. R., Butterworth, T., Nafpaktitis, M., & Suzer-Azaroff, B. (1983). Preventing school vandalism and improving discipline: A three year study. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 16, 355-369.

  Mayer, G. R., & Sulzer-Azaroff, B. (1990). Interventions for vandalism. In G. Stoner, M.K. Shinn, & H.M. Walker (Eds.), Interventions for achievement and behavior problems. National Association of School Psychologists Monograph. Washington, D.C.

  Metzler, C. W., Biglan, A., Rusby, J. C., & Sprague, J. R. (2001). Evaluation of a comprehensive behavior management program to improve school-wide positive behavior support. Education and Treatment of Children, 24, 448-479.

  Nakasato, J. (2000). Data-based decision making in Hawaii's behavior support effort. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2(4), 247-251.

  Nelson, J. R. (1996). Designing schools to meet the needs of students who exhibit disruptive behavior. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 4, 147-161.

  Nelson, J. R., Colvin, G., & Smith, D. J. (1996). The effects of setting clear standards on students' social behavior in common areas of the school. The Journal of At-Risk Issues, Summer/Fall, 10-17.

  Nelson, J. R., Johnson, A., & Marchand-Martella, N. (1996). Effects of direct instruction, cooperative learning, and independent learning practices on the classroom behavior of students with behavioral disorders: A comparative analysis. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 4, 53-62.

  Nelson, J. R., Martella, R., & Galand, B. (1998). The effects of teaching school expectations and establishing a consistent consequence on formal office disciplinary actions. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 6, 153-161.

  Nelson, J. R., Martella, R. & Marchand-Martella, N. (2002). Maximizing student learning: The effects of a comprehensive school-based program for preventing problem behaviors. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 10(3) 136-148.

  Nersesian, M., Todd, A., Lehmann, J., & Watson, J (2000). School-wide behavior support through district-level systems change. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2(4), 244-246.

  Putnam, R. F., Handler, M. W., Ramirez-Platt, C. M., & Luiselli, J. K. (2003). Improving student bus-riding behavior through a whole-school intervention. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36, 583-589.

  Putnam, R. F., Luiselli, J. K., Handler, M. W., & Jefferson, G. L. (2003). Evaluating student discipline practices in a public school through behavioral assessment of office referrals. Behavior Modification, 27(4), 505-523.

  Putnam, R. F., Luiselli, J. K., & Jefferson, G. L. (2002). Expanding technical assistance consultation to public schools: District-wide evaluation of instructional and behavior support practices for students with developmental disabilities. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 24, 113-128.

  Putnam, R. F., Luiselli, J. K, Sennett, K., & Malonson, J. (2002). Cost-efficacy analysis of out-of-district placements: An evaluative measure of behavior support intervention in public schools. Journal of Special Education, 15(1), 17-24

  Sadler, C. (2000). Implementation of effective behavior support at the district level. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2(4), 241-243.

  Scott, T. M., & Barrett, S. B. (2004). Using staff and student time engaged in disciplinary procedures to evaluate the impact of school-wide PBS. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 6, 21-28.

  Scott, T. M., & Eber, L. (2003). Functional assessment and wraparound as systemic school processes: Primary, secondary, and tertiary systems examples. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 5, 131-143.

  Scott, T. M., & Hunter, J. (2001). Initiative schoolwide support systems: An administrator's guide to the process. Beyond Behavior, 11(1), 13-15.

  Scott, T. M., Liaupsin, C. J., Nelson, C. M., & Jolivette, K. (2003). Ensuring student success through team-based functional behavioral assessment. Teaching Exceptional Children, 35(5), 16-21.

  Scott, T. M., & Nelson, C. M. (1999). Using functional behavioral assessment to develop effective intervention plans: Practical classroom applications. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 1, 242-251.

  Skiba, R. J., & Peterson, R. L. (1999). The dark side of zero tolerance: Can punishment lead to safe schools? Phi Delta Kappan, 80, 372-382.

  Skiba, R. J., & Peterson, R. L. (2000). School discipline at a crossroads: From zero tolerance to early response. Exceptional Children, 66, 335-347.

  Smith, C., & Freeman, R. L. (2002). A model for evaluating school-based and school-linked programs while building local capacity and expertise. American Journal of Evaluation, 23(3), 307-319.

  Sprague, J., Sugai, G., & Walker, H. (I1999). Antisocial behavior in schools. In S. Watson & F. Gresham (Eds.), Child behavior therapy: Ecological considerations in assessment, treatment, and evaluation. New York, NY: Plenum Press.

  Sprague, J., Walker, H., Golly, A., White, K., Myers, D. R., & Shannon, T. (2001). Translating research into effective practice: The effects of a universal staff and student intervention on indicators of discipline and school safety. Education and Treatment of Children, 24, 495-511.

  Sugai, G. (1996). Providing effective behavior support to all students: Procedures and processes. SAIL, 11(1), 1-4.

  Sugai, G. M. (1992). The design of instruction and the proactive management of social behaviors. Learning Disabilities Forum, 17(2), 20-23.

  Sugai, G., & Horner, R. H. (2002). The evolution of discipline practices: School-wide positive behavior supports. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 24, 23-50.

  Sugai, G., & Horner, R. H. (2001). Features of effective behavior support at the district level. Beyond Behavior, 11(1), 16-19.

  Sugai, G., & Horner, R. H. (1999). Discipline and behavioral support: Preferred processes and practices. Effective School Practices, 17(4), 10-22.

  Sugai, G., & Horner, R. (1994). Including students with severe behavior problems in general education settings: Assumptions, challenges, and solutions. In J. Marr, G. Sugai, & G. Tindal (Eds.). The Oregon Conference Monograph, 6, 102-20. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon.

  Sugai, G., & Horner, R. H. (1999-2000). Including the functional behavioral assessment technology in schools (invited special issue). Exceptionality, 8, 145-148.

  Sugai, G., Horner, R. H., Dunlap, G. Hieneman, M., Lewis, T. J., Nelson, C. M., Scott, T., Liaupsin, C., Sailor, W., Turnbull, A. P., Turnbull, H. R., III, Wickham, D. Reuf, M., & Wilcox, B. (2000). Applying positive behavioral support and functional behavioral assessment in schools. Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions, 2, 131-143.

  Sugai, G., Lewis-Palmer, T., & Hagan-Burke, S. (1999-2000). Overview of the functional behavioral assessment process. Exceptionality, 8, 149-160.

  Sugai, G., Horner, R. H., & Gresham, F. (in press). Behaviorally effective school environments. In M. R. Shinn, G. Stoner, & H. M. Walker (Eds), Interventions for academic and behavior problems: Preventive and remedial approaches. National Association of School Psychologists. Silver Spring, MD.

  Sugai, G., & Lewis, T. (1996). Preferred and promising practices for social skills instruction. Focus on Exceptional Children, 29(4), 1-16.

  Sugai, G., Sprague, J. R., Horner, R. H., & Walker, H. M. (2000). Preventing school violence: The use of office discipline referrals to assess and monitor school-wide discipline interventions. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 8, 94-101.

  Taylor-Greene, S., & Kartub, D. (2000). Durable implementation of school-wide behavior support: The high five program. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2(4), 233-234.

  Taylor-Greene, S., Brown, D., Nelson, L., Longton, J., Gassman, T., Cohen, J., Swartz, J., Horner, R. H., Sugai, G., & Hall, S. (1997). School-wide behavioral support: Starting the year off right. Journal of Behavioral Education, 7, 99-112.

  Turnbull, A., Edmonson, H., Griggs, P., Wickham, D., Sailor, W., Freeman, R., Guess, D., Lassen, S., McCart, A., Park, J., Riffel, L., Turnbull, R., & Warren, J. (2002). A blueprint for schoolwide positive behavior support: Implementation of three components. Exceptional Children, 68(3), 377-402.

  Taylor-Greene, S., Brown, D., Nelson, L., Longton, J., Gassman, T., Cohen, J., Horner, R. H., Sugai, G., & Hall, S. (1997). School-wide behavioral support: Starting the year off right. Journal of Behavioral Education, 7(1), 99-112.

  Taylor-Greene, S. J., & Kartub, D. T. (2000). Durable implementation of school-wide behavior support: The high five program. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2, 233-245.

  Tobin, T., Sugai, G., & Colvin, G. (1996). Patterns in middle school discipline records. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 4(2), 82-94.

  Tobin, T., Sugai, G., & Colvin, G. (2000). A guide to the creation and use of discipline referral graphs. NASSP Bulletin, 84(616), 106-117.

  Todd, A. W., Horner, R. H., Sugai, G., & Sprague, J. R. (1999). Effective behavior support: Strengthening school-wide systems through a team-based approach. Effective School Practices, 17(4), 23-37.

  Todd, A. W., Haugen, L., Anderson, K., & Spriggs, M. (2002). Teaching recess: Low cost efforts producing effective results. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 4(1).

  Todd, A., Horner, R.H., Sugai, G., & Colvin, G. (1999). Individualizing school-wide discipline for students with chronic problem behaviors: A team approach. Effective School Practices, 17(4), 72-82.

  Todd, A., Horner, R.H., Sugai, G., & Sprague, J.R. (1999). Effective behavior support: Strengthening school-wide systems through a team-based approach. Effective School Practices, 17(4), 23-37.

  Todd, A., Horner, R., Vanater, S., & Schneider, C. (1995). Working together to make change: An example of positive behavior support for a student with traumatic brain injury. Education and Treatment of Children, 20, 23-33.

  Turnbull, A., Edmonson, H., Griggs, P., Wickham, D., Sailor, W., Freeman, R., Guess, D., Lassen, S., McCart, A., Park, J., Riffel, L., Turnbull, R., & Warren, J. (2002). A blueprint for schoolwide positive behavior support: Implementation of three components. Exceptional Children 68(3), 377-402.

  Walker, H., Colvin, G., & Ramsey, E. (1995). Antisocial behavior in public school: Strategies and best practices. Pacific Grove, CA: Brookes/Cole.

  Walker, H. M., Horner, R. H., Sugai, G., Bullis, M., Sprague, J. R., Bricker, D., & Kaufman, M. J. (1996). Integrated approaches to preventing antisocial behavior patterns among school-age children and youth. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 4, 194-209.

  Positive Behavior Support Monograph Citation

  Carr, E.G., Horner, R.H., Marquis, J.G., Turnbull, A.P., Magito-McLaughlin, D., McAtee, M.L. et al. (1999). Positive behavior support as an approach for dealing with problem behavior in people with developmental disabilities: A research synthesis. American Association on Mental Retardation Monograph Series.